What the Union Database actually is
The Union Database (UDB) was introduced by the recast Renewable Energy Directive (RED III) and detailed in EU Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/996 of 14 June 2022. It is a centralised, transaction-level record of sustainable biofuels, bioliquids and biomethane placed on the EU market. The intent is straightforward: every sustainability claim a producer or trader makes must be tied to a UDB transaction that another operator can verify. The implementation, in practice, is rolling out per-Member-State through 2025–2026.
For biomethane, the practical consequence is that no certified molecule can change hands inside the EU without a UDB record. Operators that miss UDB submission windows or submit malformed transactions face suspension of sustainability claims — which voids the GoO premium. Voluntary schemes (ISCC-EU, REDcert-EU, SURE) require UDB submission as part of compliant operation.